Vocabularies # 1- # 16

1.Bioluminescence: Light produced by organisms.

2.Light Ray:a straight-line beam of light as it travels outward from its source.

3.Law of reflection:the angle of an incoming light ray equals the angle of the reflected ray.

4.Concave Mirror:a mirror that curves in on a shiny side.

5.Convex Mirror:a mirror that curves out on a shiny side.

6.Opaque:completely blocking light from passing through.

7.Transparent:letting all light through, so that objects on the other side can be seen clearly.

8.Translucent:letting only some light through, so that objects on the other side appear blurry.

9.Polarization:allowing light vibratioins to pass through in only one direction.

10.Refraction:the bending of the light rays as they pass from one substance into another.

11.Convex Lens:a lens that curves outward (is thicker at the middle than at edges) and brings light rays together.

12.Concave Lens:a lens that curves inward (is thicker at the edges than at the middle) and spreads light rays apart.



13.Prism: A cut piece of clear glass (or plastic) with 2 opposite sides in the shape of a triangle or other geometric shape.

14:spectrum: a band of colors produced when light goes through a prism.

15.Primary color: red,green,or blue;mixing these colors can produce all the colors of the spectrum.

16.Primary pigment: magenta,cyan,yellow;material with any of this colors absorb one primary color of light and reflects the other two.

17.electromagnetism: the production of magnetism by electricity and the preduction of electricity by magnets.

18.electromagnetic spectrum: all the wavelenghts of visible and invisible light in order rom short (gamma rays) to long (radio).

19.laser: a device that produces a thin stream of light of just a few close wavelenghts.

20.Mass: the amount of matter in an object. 

21.volume: the amount of space an object takes up.

22.weight: (on Earth) a measure of the force of gravity between Earth and an object.

23.Density: a measure of how tightly packed matter is;the amount of mass contained in a given volume.

24.Buoyancy: the upward push on an object by the liquid (or gas) the object is placed in.

25.Conduct: allow heat or electricity to flow through readily.

26.insulate: no allow heat or elctricity to flow through readily.

27.Element: a basic building block of matter;a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

28.Compund: a chemical combination of two or moree elements into a single substance.

29.Atom: The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element.

30.Proton: a particle with a positive charge in the nucleous of an atom.

31.Neutron:an uncharged particle in the nucleous of an atom.

32.Electron: a particle with a negative charge moving around the nuclous of an atom.

33.Nucleus: The dense center part of an atom.

34.Molecule: A group of more than one atom joined together that acts like a single particle.

35.State of Matter: any of the forms matter  can exist in.

36.Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid changes state into a gas.

37.Boiling Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes state into a gas.

38.Freezing Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes tate into  solid.

39.Mixture; two or more parts blended together yet keeping their own properties and not turning into a new substance.

40.Solution: a mixture in which substances are completely blended so that the properties are the same throughout and the substances stay blended.

41.Suspension:a mixture of substances that separate upon standing.

42.Colloid: particles (or droplets) large enough to block out light spread throughout another substance.

43.Emulsion: a liquid spread through another liquid.

44.Aerosol: liquid drops or solid particles spread through a gas.

45.Gel: a solid spread through a liquid.

46.Foam: a gas spread through a liquid or solid.

47.Physical Change: a change in size,shape,or state,without forming a new substance.

48.Chemical Change: a change in matter that produces a new substance with different properties from the original.

49.Chemical reaction: a chemical change of original substances before a chemicalreaction takes place.

50.Product: one of the new substances produced when a chemical reaction takes place.

51.Kinetic energy: the energy of a moving object.

52.Potential energy: energy stored in an object or material.

53.Conduction: movement of energy from a hot object that comes into contact with a cooler object;the material remains in place.

54.Convection: movement of energy by the flow of matter from place to place.

55.Radiation: movement of energy in the form of waves that can travel through empty space.

56.Wet cell battery: a battery containing liquid solution that produces the electric current.

57.Dry cell battery: a battery that uses ¨dry chemicals¨ to produce an electric current.

58.Solar system: the Sun and the objects that are traveling around it.

59.Planet: any of the eight large bodies that travel around the sun and shine by reflecting its light.

60.Gravity: a force of attraction,or pull,between any object and any other objects around it .

61.Inertia: The tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line. 

62.lithosphere:the hard,outer layer of Earth,about 100 kilometers thick.

63.Crust: the rocky surfacethat makes up the top of the lithosphere.



64.Resource: any material that helps support life on Earth.

65.Hydrosphere: Earth´s water.

66.Fault: a crack in the crust, whose sides show evidence of motion.

67.Geologist: a scientist who studies Earth.

68.Magma: hot,molten rock deep below Earth´s surface.

69.Lava: magma that reaches Earth´s surface.

70.Weathering: the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

71.Erosion: the picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock.

72. Deposition: the droping off of bits of eroded rock.

73.Meteorite: a chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface (such as Earth or the moon).

74.Mineral: a solid material of Earth´s crust with a definie composition.

75.Luster: the way light bounces off a mineral´s surface.

76.Streak: the color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard,rough surface.

77.Hardness: how well a mineral resists scratching.

 78.Cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces.

79. Ore: a mineral containing a useful substance.

80.Gem: a mineral valued for being rare and beautiful.

81.Nonrenewable resource: a resource that cannot be replaced within a short period of time or at all.

82.Rock: a naturally formed solid in the crust, made up of one or more minerals.

83.Igneous rock: a rock formed whn melted rock material cools and hardens.

84.Sedimentary rock: a rock made of bits of matter joined together.

85.Fossil: any remains or imprint of living things of the past.

86.Metamorphic rock: a rock formed under heat and pressure from another kind of rock.

87.Humus: decayed plant or animal material in soil.

88.Pollution: adding any harmfulsubstances to Earth´s land ,water,or air.

89.Rock cycle: rocks changing from one form into another form in a never-ending processes.