domingo, 15 de agosto de 2010

Album (Invisible Light)

     Introduction

                                    
The form of radiant energy that stimulates the organs of sight, having for normal human vision wavelengths ranging from about 3900 to 7700 ångstroms and traveling at a speed of about 186,300 miles per second.Visible light travel in a straight line and Invisible light travel in waves.



                                        Radio Waves

Are the longest waves of the electromagnetic spectrum carry signals in codes AM/FM.
Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Naturally-occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by astronomical objects. Artificially-generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other applications. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may cover a part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves can reflect off the ionosphere and travel around the world, and much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel on a line of sight.





Micro Waves

Are short radio waves water and foods absorve microwaves readily.Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies.Microwaves are good for transmitting information from one place to another because microwave energy can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke.
Shorter microwaves are used in remote sensing. These microwaves are used for radar like the doppler radar used in weather forecasts. Microwaves, used for radar, are just a few inches long.






Infrared Light


Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 and 300 micrometres, which equates to a frequency range.
IR wavelengths are longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of terahertz radiation microwaves. Bright sunlight provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter at sea level. Of this energy, 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation.



Ultraviolet Light

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than x-rays. It is so named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the colour violet.
UV light is found in sunlight and is emitted by electric arcs and specialized lights such as black lights.


X Rays

As the wavelengths of light decrease, they increase in energy. X-rays have smaller wavelengths and therefore higher energy than ultraviolet waves. We usually talk about X-rays in terms of their energy rather than wavelength. This is partially because X-rays have very small wavelengths. It is also because X-ray light tends to act more like a particle than a wave. X-ray detectors collect actual photons of X-ray light - which is very different from the radio telescopes that have large dishes designed to focus radio waves.

Gamma Rays

Gamma-rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions. Gamma-rays can kill living cells, a fact which medicine uses to its advantage, using gamma-rays to kill cancerous cells.
Gamma-rays travel to us across vast distances of the universe, only to be absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. Different wavelengths of light penetrate the Earth's atmosphere to different depths. Instruments aboard high-altitude balloons and satellites like the Compton Observatory provide our only view of the gamma-ray sky.





Blu Ray

Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the standard DVD format. Its main uses are for storing high-definition video, PlayStation 3 video games, and other data, with up to 25 GB per single-layered, and 50 GB per dual-layered disc. Although these numbers represent the standard storage for Blu-ray Disc drives, the specification is open-ended, with the upper theoretical storage limit left unclear. The discs have the same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs.
The name Blu-ray Disc derives from the "blue laser" used to read the disc. While a standard DVD uses a 650 nanometer red laser, Blu-ray Disc uses a shorter wavelength 405 nm laser, and allows for almost ten times more data storage than a DVD. The laser color is called "blue," but is violet to the eye, and is very close to ultraviolet ("blacklight" or "invisible light").




Conclusion

I learn that Visble light travels in a straight line and that Invisible light travels in waves.And now is anew Invisible light that is the Blu ray.

















Album (Invisible light)

Vocabularies # 1- # 16

1.Bioluminescence: Light produced by organisms.


2.Light Ray:a straight-line beam of light as it travels outward from its source.



3.Law of reflection:the angle of an incoming light ray equals the angle of the reflected ray.


4.Concave Mirror:a mirror that curves in on a shiny side.

5.Convex Mirror:a mirror that curves out on a shiny side.

6.Opaque:completely blocking light from passing through.

7.Transparent:letting all light through, so that objects on the other side can be seen clearly.

8.Translucent:letting only some light through, so that objects on the other side appear blurry.

9.Polarization:allowing light vibratioins to pass through in only one direction.

10.Refraction:the bending of the light rays as they pass from one substance into another.

11.Convex Lens:a lens that curves outward (is thicker at the middle than at edges) and brings light rays together.

12.Concave Lens:a lens that curves inward (is thicker at the edges than at the middle) and spreads light rays apart.




13.Prism: A cut piece of clear glass (or plastic) with 2 opposite sides in the shape of a triangle or other geometric shape.


14:spectrum: a band of colors produced when light goes through a prism.


15.Primary color: red,green,or blue;mixing these colors can produce all the colors of the spectrum.


16.Primary pigment: magenta,cyan,yellow;material with any of this colors absorb one primary color of light and reflects the other two.
17.electromagnetism: the production of magnetism by electricity and the preduction of electricity by magnets.

18.electromagnetic spectrum: all the wavelenghts of visible and invisible light in order rom short (gamma rays) to long (radio).


19.laser: a device that produces a thin stream of light of just a few close wavelenghts.

20.Mass: the amount of matter in an object. 
21.volume: the amount of space an object takes up.


22.weight: (on Earth) a measure of the force of gravity between Earth and an object.

23.Density: a measure of how tightly packed matter is;the amount of mass contained in a given volume.


24.Buoyancy: the upward push on an object by the liquid (or gas) the object is placed in.


25.Conduct: allow heat or electricity to flow through readily.


26.insulate: no allow heat or elctricity to flow through readily.






27.Element: a basic building block of matter;a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler.


28.Compund: a chemical combination of two or moree elements into a single substance.


29.Atom: The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element.


30.Proton: a particle with a positive charge in the nucleous of an atom.


31.Neutron:an uncharged particle in the nucleous of an atom.



32.Electron: a particle with a negative charge moving around the nuclous of an atom.





33.Nucleus: The dense center part of an atom.



34.Molecule: A group of more than one atom joined together that acts like a single particle.


35.State of Matter: any of the forms matter  can exist in.



36.Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid changes state into a gas.



37.Boiling Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes state into a gas.



38.Freezing Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes tate into  solid.



39.Mixture; two or more parts blended together yet keeping their own properties and not turning into a new substance.


40.Solution: a mixture in which substances are completely blended so that the properties are the same throughout and the substances stay blended.


41.Suspension:a mixture of substances that separate upon standing.



42.Colloid: particles (or droplets) large enough to block out light spread throughout another substance.



43.Emulsion: a liquid spread through another liquid.



44.Aerosol: liquid drops or solid particles spread through a gas.



45.Gel: a solid spread through a liquid.



46.Foam: a gas spread through a liquid or solid.





47.Physical Change: a change in size,shape,or state,without forming a new substance.
48.Chemical Change: a change in matter that produces a new substance with different properties from the original.



49.Chemical reaction: a chemical change of original substances before a chemicalreaction takes place.



50.Product: one of the new substances produced when a chemical reaction takes place.


51.Kinetic energy: the energy of a moving object.



52.Potential energy: energy stored in an object or material.


53.Conduction: movement of energy from a hot object that comes into contact with a cooler object;the material remains in place.


54.Convection: movement of energy by the flow of matter from place to place.


55.Radiation: movement of energy in the form of waves that can travel through empty space.



56.Wet cell battery: a battery containing liquid solution that produces the electric current.



57.Dry cell battery: a battery that uses ¨dry chemicals¨ to produce an electric current.



58.Solar system: the Sun and the objects that are traveling around it.



59.Planet: any of the eight large bodies that travel around the sun and shine by reflecting its light.



60.Gravity: a force of attraction,or pull,between any object and any other objects around it .



61.Inertia: The tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line. 



62.lithosphere:the hard,outer layer of Earth,about 100 kilometers thick.






63.Crust: the rocky surfacethat makes up the top of the lithosphere.




64.Resource: any material that helps support life on Earth.



65.Hydrosphere: Earth´s water.


66.Fault: a crack in the crust, whose sides show evidence of motion.



67.Geologist: a scientist who studies Earth.




68.Magma: hot,molten rock deep below Earth´s surface.



69.Lava: magma that reaches Earth´s surface.



70.Weathering: the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.



71.Erosion: the picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock.






72. Deposition: the droping off of bits of eroded rock.


73.Meteorite: a chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface (such as Earth or the moon).




74.Mineral: a solid material of Earth´s crust with a definie composition.


75.Luster: the way light bounces off a mineral´s surface.



76.Streak: the color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard,rough surface.


77.Hardness: how well a mineral resists scratching.





 78.Cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces.






79. Ore: a mineral containing a useful substance.



80.Gem: a mineral valued for being rare and beautiful.



81.Nonrenewable resource: a resource that cannot be replaced within a short period of time or at all.


82.Rock: a naturally formed solid in the crust, made up of one or more minerals.


83.Igneous rock: a rock formed whn melted rock material cools and hardens.


84.Sedimentary rock: a rock made of bits of matter joined together.



85.Fossil: any remains or imprint of living things of the past.



86.Metamorphic rock: a rock formed under heat and pressure from another kind of rock.



87.Humus: decayed plant or animal material in soil.

88.Pollution: adding any harmfulsubstances to Earth´s land ,water,or air.

89.Rock cycle: rocks changing from one form into another form in a never-ending processes.