Sources of energy

Sources of Energy

Solar cell: a device that generates an electric current from sunlight.

Biomass conversion: getting energy from plant and animal materials by changing them into high-quality fuels.

Nuclear fission: the spliting of a nucleus with a large mass into two nuclei with smaller masses.

Chain reaction: a reaction that is kept going by products of the reaction.

Nuclear fusion: the merging of nuclei with smaller masses into a nucleus with a larger mass.

Hydroelectricity: the use of flowing water to generate electricity.

Thermal pollution: the excess heating of the environment.

Temperature Heat,and Matter

Temperature Heat,and Matter

Thermal expansion: the expansion of matter when its temperature is raised.

Pressure: the force on each unit of area of a surface.

Melting:the change of a solid into a liquid.

Vaporization: the change of a liquid to a gas as molecules break free from each other.

Condensation: the change of a gas into a liquid as molecules attract each other.

Freezing: the change of a liquid into a solid.

Boiling: the formation of bubbles of vapor that scape from a liquid that is being heated.

Evaporation: the vaporization of molecules from the surface of a liquid.

Chemical changes

Chemical Changes

Compound: a chemical combination of two or more elements.

Chemical bond: a link that atoms or electrically charged particles can form with each other.

Chemical formula: a way of using letters and numbers to show how much of each element is in a substance.

Ion: an electrically charged particle with unequal numbers of protons and elctrons.

Molecule: a group of bonded atoms that act like a single particle.

Chemical property: a way of describing how a substance changes chemically with other substances.

Exothermic: a reaction that gives off energy.

Endothermic: a reaction that absorbs heat. 

Temperature and Heat

Temperature and heat

Kinetic energy: the energy of a moving object.

Potential energy: energy that is stored in an object or material.

Temperature: the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a material.

Heat: energy that flows between objects that have different temperatures.

Radiation: the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

Conduction: the transfer of energy by direct contact of molecules.

Convection: the transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or gas. 

Insulation: prevents heat from flowing in or out of a material.



Elements and Atoms

Elements and Atoms

Element:A substance that cannot be broken down any further into anything simpler.

Atom:The smallest particle that has the same chemical properties as the element.



Nucleus:An atom´s  dense center, where most of its mass.

Electron:A negatively charged particle that moves around an atom´s Nucleus.

Proton:A positively charged particle inside an atom´s Nucleus

Neutron:A particle with no charge inside an atom´s nucleus.

Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom.

Metal:Any group of elements that conduct heat and electricity, is shiny and bendable.

Physical Properties

Physical Properties

Matter:Any solid, liquid, or gas.

 Mass:Amount of matter in an object.

Volume:The amont of space an object takes up.

Density:The amount of mass in a certain volume of material.

Physical Property:A property that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.

Physical Change:A change in size, shape, or state without forming a new substance.

Solution:A mixture of one substance dissolved in another so that the properties are the same throughout.

Chemical Change:A change in matter that produces a new substance with different proprties from the original.

Summary #8/ A Blood System

A Blood System

This topic is about The blood and the heart and also of the circulatory system.The function of the circulatory system is to transport the nutrients and oxygen to all the body.The blood has 3 types of cells that are white blood cel that transport the nutrients and the oxygen, the redblood cells that fight diseases, and the platelets who are the ones that stop bleeding, cover injuries from bleeding.3 blood vessels that are in the circulatory system are the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the body the most important artery is aorta, veins that are the ones that bring the blood back to the heart the most important vein is vena cava,and the capillaries that are the ones that connect arteries and veins.We can know whe is an artery and when is a vein by seen the color.The blood coming from the arteries is a bright red color and the blood coming from the veins is a Dark red color.